THE RIDEAU CANAL

THE RIDEAU CANAL

Built between 1826 and 1832, the Rideau Canal is the best-preserved, fully operational example from North America’s great canal-building era. Lieutenant-Colonel John By’s innovative design was based on a “slackwater” system that linked lakes and rivers on a scale unprecedented in North America. The result was one of the first canals in the world engineered for steam-powered vessels. Its construction through more than 200 kilometres of bush, swamps, and lakes was a monumental feat. Each year, as many as 5,000 workers, mainly Irish immigrants and French Canadians, toiled under the supervision of civil contractors and the Royal Engineers. Working in extremely difficult conditions, they endured injury and disease, and hundreds died. This fortified waterway was intended as a safe military supply route between Montréal and Lake Ontario by providing an alternative to the St. Lawrence River. It chiefly served as a key artery for moving goods and people until the 1850s and became a popular recreational destination in the 20th century. The Rideau Canal was inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2007.

Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada and Parks Canada

Sarah J. McCabe

March 31, 2024